Lesson 13 · German A1-2

Negation: nicht vs. kein

Nicht oder kein?

English has one word for "not." German has two, and choosing correctly between them is one of the clearest beginner/intermediate tells. The good news: the choice follows a simple, mechanical rule tied directly to what you already learned about articles in Lessons 4 and 7.

Today's win: correctly negate a noun with kein/keine, and correctly negate a verb or adjective with nicht - two different jobs, two different words.

kein/keine: "not a" or "no"

Use kein exactly where you'd otherwise use ein/eine - or no article at all. It takes the same endings as ein, including the masculine accusative change from Lesson 7:

Ich habe keinen Bruder. (masculine, accusative → keinen)
Ich habe keine Schwester. (feminine → keine)
Ich habe kein Auto. (neuter → kein)

Full table: Reference - Negation.

nicht: everything else

Use nicht to negate a verb, an adjective, or a noun that already has der/die/das or a name attached:

Ich komme nicht. (negating "come")
Das ist nicht teuer. (negating "expensive")

The quick decision rule

Would the noun take ein/eine or nothing?kein/keine
Anything else - verb, adjective, definite nounnicht
Try it out loud: negate three things about yourself - one noun with kein/keine (something you don't have), one verb with nicht (something you don't do), and one adjective with nicht (something that isn't a certain way).

Quick recall check

1. "I have no car." (das Auto) - Ich habe ______ Auto.

Show answer
kein

2. "That is not expensive." - Das ist ______ teuer.

Show answer
nicht

3. "I have no sister." (die Schwester) - Ich habe ______ Schwester.

Show answer
keine

4. "I am not coming." - Ich komme ______.

Show answer
nicht

5. "I have no brother." (der Bruder, accusative) - Ich habe ______ Bruder.

Show answer
keinen

Primary source

Cross-checked against the Goethe-Institut A1 practice materials.

Unsure whether a specific sentence needs nicht or kein? Ask your teaching agent to check it.