Reference · German B1

Plusquamperfekt (Past Perfect)

hatte/war + Partizip II. Marks an event that happened before another past event - the same auxiliary choice (haben vs. sein) as Perfekt, just in the Präteritum form.

Formation

AuxiliaryExampleEnglish
hatte + Partizip IIich hatte gegessenI had eaten
war + Partizip IIich war gegangenI had gone

The auxiliary choice follows the same rule as Perfekt: sein for verbs of motion/state change (gehen, kommen, aufwachen), haben for most others.

Typical use: with nachdem

Nachdem ich gegessen hatte, ging ich spazieren. (After I had eaten, I went for a walk.)
Nachdem sie angekommen war, rief sie mich an. (After she had arrived, she called me.)
Nachdem wir die Wohnung gefunden hatten, unterschrieben wir den Vertrag. (After we had found the apartment, we signed the contract.)

As a subordinating conjunction, nachdem sends the auxiliary to the end of its own clause.

Standalone use

Ich war müde, weil ich schlecht geschlafen hatte. (I was tired because I had slept badly.)

Aligned with standard Goethe-Zertifikat B1 / telc B1 exam syllabus topics.